What is throughput?

The amount of material or items passing through a system or process.

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In computing, throughput refers to the rate at which a system processes data or transactions over a specific period. It is often measured in bits per second (bps) for networks, or transactions per second (TPS) for databases. High throughput means a system can handle a lot of data at once.

        graph LR
  Center["What is throughput?"]:::main
  Rel_iteration["iteration"]:::related -.-> Center
  click Rel_iteration "/terms/iteration"
  Rel_stream_processing["stream-processing"]:::related -.-> Center
  click Rel_stream_processing "/terms/stream-processing"
  Rel_file_systems["file-systems"]:::related -.-> Center
  click Rel_file_systems "/terms/file-systems"
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  classDef pre fill:#0f172a,stroke:#3b82f6,color:#94a3b8,rx:5,ry:5;
  classDef child fill:#0f172a,stroke:#10b981,color:#94a3b8,rx:5,ry:5;
  classDef related fill:#0f172a,stroke:#8b5cf6,stroke-dasharray: 5 5,color:#94a3b8,rx:5,ry:5;
  linkStyle default stroke:#4b5563,stroke-width:2px;

      

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Throughput is like the width of a water pipe. A thin pipe (low throughput) can only let a little water through per minute. A thick pipe (high throughput) can let a whole swimming pool's worth of water through in the same time.

🤓 Expert Deep Dive

Thoughput is often confused with bandwidth. Bandwidth is the theoretical maximum rate, while throughput is the actual rate observed. Throughput can be limited by latency (Little's Law) or by bottlenecks like disk I/O and CPU context switching.

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