Couche application
Interface app-réseau.
In the blockchain modular stack, the Application Layer (or App Layer) consists of the smart contracts and user interfaces (frontends) that deliver services to the end-user. It sits above the Settlement, Consensus, and Data Availability layers. While the lower layers handle security and data, the App Layer handles business logic, user experience, and financial interactions.
graph LR
Center["Couche application"]:::main
Pre_blockchain["blockchain"]:::pre --> Center
click Pre_blockchain "/terms/blockchain"
Pre_smart_contract["smart-contract"]:::pre --> Center
click Pre_smart_contract "/terms/smart-contract"
Pre_decentralized_application_dapp["decentralized-application-dapp"]:::pre --> Center
click Pre_decentralized_application_dapp "/terms/decentralized-application-dapp"
Rel_account_abstraction["account-abstraction"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_account_abstraction "/terms/account-abstraction"
Rel_internet_of_things_iot["internet-of-things-iot"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_internet_of_things_iot "/terms/internet-of-things-iot"
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🤓 Expert Deep Dive
The App Layer is where 'Abstracted Complexity' resides. Modern App Layer development focuses on 'Intents-Centric' design, where users specify a goal (e.g., 'Swap ETH for USDC at the best price') and solvers/executors handle the routing across lower-level protocols (DEXs, bridges). This layer is increasingly decoupling from specific chains via account abstraction (ERC-4337).