시간 결정 (Time Crystal)
시간에 따라 패턴이 반복되는 물질 상태.
Proposed by Nobel laureate Frank Wilczek in 2012, time crystals were first observed in 2016. They exist in 'floquet' non-equilibrium phases where the system's internal state repeats at a period that is an integer multiple of the driving period. This perpetual motion (in the ground state, not doing work) challenges standard thermodynamics and has potential applications in stable quantum memory.
graph LR
Center["시간 결정 (Time Crystal)"]:::main
Rel_iteration["iteration"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_iteration "/terms/iteration"
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🧒 5살도 이해할 수 있게 설명
배터리 없이도 영원히 똑딱거리는 시계와 같아요. 다이아몬드 같은 일반 결정이 '공간' 속에 일정한 패턴을 가지고 있다면, 시간 결정은 '시간'의 흐름 속에 일정한 패턴을 가지고 반복해서 움직이는 아주 신기한 물질입니다.
🤓 Expert Deep Dive
Time-crystals are a manifestation of 'Discrete Time-Translation Symmetry Breaking' (DTTB). In a periodically driven (Floquet) many-body localized (MBL) system, the response of the system shows a sub-harmonic frequency, meaning it returns to its state after $ n imes T $ where $ T $ is the driving period. This rigidity against perturbations makes them candidates for high-coherence qubits since they are immune to thermalization.