Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT conecta sensores e dispositivos para coletar e trocar dados, possibilitando automação e monitoramento em diversas indústrias, exigindo design cuidadoso de security e privacy.
IoT compreende dispositivos interconectados (sensores, atuadores, gateways e software) que geram dados através de connectivity protocols e podem ser gerenciados remotamente. Arquiteturas típicas combinam camadas edge/fog com cloud services para processar streams, armazenar telemetry e orquestrar actions. Plataformas IoT comuns suportam device provisioning, identity, policy-based access control e end-to-end security. A comunicação ocorre sobre protocols como MQTT, CoAP, AMQP ou HTTP(S), frequentemente usando TLS ou DTLS para transport security. Os dados são modelados, unificados e governados através de event streams ou time-series databases. Práticas chave de security incluem secure boot, hardware-backed keys, mutual authentication, encrypted channels, secure over-the-air updates e robust lifecycle management. Considerações de privacy exigem data minimization, access controls, anonymization e transparent data [governance](/pt/terms/data-governance). Standards bodies e esforços de interoperability visam harmonizar data formats, APIs e reference architectures para possibilitar end-to-end trust e portability.
graph LR
Center["Internet of Things (IoT)"]:::main
Rel_edge_computing["edge-computing"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_edge_computing "/terms/edge-computing"
Rel_iot_security["iot-security"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_iot_security "/terms/iot-security"
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❓ Perguntas frequentes
What is IoT?
IoT is a network of physical devices with sensors and connectivity that share data to enable automation and insights.
Which protocols are commonly used?
MQTT, CoAP, AMQP, and HTTP(S) are common; TLS/DTLS secures transport; authentication and identity management are essential.
How is security addressed in IoT?
Secure onboarding, device identity, encrypted communications, authenticated updates, and continuous vulnerability management are required.
What is IIoT?
Industrial IoT applies IoT to manufacturing and critical infrastructure, emphasizing reliability, safety, and deterministic performance.
How can privacy be protected?
Data minimization, anonymization/pseudonymization, strict access controls, and clear data governance policies are needed.