Уровень выполнения (Execution Layer)
Движок обработки транзакций.
In modular [blockchain](/ru/terms/modular-blockchain) architectures (like Ethereum post-Merge), the Execution Layer is responsible for processing transactions, executing smart contracts, and maintaining the current state (balances, contract data). It handles the computation logic.
This is distinct from the Consensus Layer (which ensures nodes agree on the state) and the [Data Availability Layer](/ru/terms/data-availability-layer) (which ensures transaction data is accessible). In Ethereum specifically, the Execution Layer (formerly Eth1) runs the EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) and handles user transactions, while the Consensus Layer (formerly Eth2/Beacon Chain) handles Proof-of-Stake consensus.
The separation allows for specialized optimization. Rollups (L2s) essentially act as off-chain execution layers that settle on the main chain. By offloading execution, blockchains can scale significantly higher transaction throughput without sacrificing decentralization at the consensus level.
graph LR
Center["Уровень выполнения (Execution Layer)"]:::main
Pre_smart_contracts["smart-contracts"]:::pre --> Center
click Pre_smart_contracts "/terms/smart-contracts"
Rel_consensus_layer["consensus-layer"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_consensus_layer "/terms/consensus-layer"
Rel_data_availability_layer["data-availability-layer"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_data_availability_layer "/terms/data-availability-layer"
Rel_account_abstraction["account-abstraction"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_account_abstraction "/terms/account-abstraction"
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🧒 Простыми словами
Это как «мозг» компьютера, который берет команды и выполняет их. В блокчейне этот уровень считает, кто кому перевел деньги и как изменились данные в приложениях.
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