Стек TCP/IP
Основной набор протоколов интернета.
The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet and similar computer networks. It forms the foundational layer for data transmission across the internet. TCP operates at the transport layer, providing reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of octets (bytes) between applications running on hosts communicating via an IP network. It achieves reliability through mechanisms like sequence numbers, acknowledgments, and retransmissions. IP, on the other hand, operates at the network layer and is responsible for addressing, routing, and delivering packets of data from a source host to a destination host. IP is a connectionless protocol, meaning it does not guarantee delivery or order. TCP and IP work together: TCP breaks down messages into packets, numbers them, and ensures they are reassembled correctly at the destination, while IP handles the routing of these packets across different networks. The suite also includes protocols like UDP (User Datagram Protocol), which offers a faster but less reliable alternative to TCP, and ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), used for error reporting and diagnostics.
graph LR
Center["Стек TCP/IP"]:::main
Rel_arpanet["arpanet"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_arpanet "/terms/arpanet"
Rel_osi_model["osi-model"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_osi_model "/terms/osi-model"
Rel_websocket["websocket"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_websocket "/terms/websocket"
classDef main fill:#7c3aed,stroke:#8b5cf6,stroke-width:2px,color:white,font-weight:bold,rx:5,ry:5;
classDef pre fill:#0f172a,stroke:#3b82f6,color:#94a3b8,rx:5,ry:5;
classDef child fill:#0f172a,stroke:#10b981,color:#94a3b8,rx:5,ry:5;
classDef related fill:#0f172a,stroke:#8b5cf6,stroke-dasharray: 5 5,color:#94a3b8,rx:5,ry:5;
linkStyle default stroke:#4b5563,stroke-width:2px;
🧠 Проверка знаний
🧒 Простыми словами
TCP/IP is like the postal service for the internet. IP is like the address on the envelope that tells the mail carriers where to send it, and TCP is like the certified mail service that makes sure all the pages of your letter arrive in the right order and none are missing.
🤓 Expert Deep Dive
Стек из 4-х уровней. Был разработан как практическая замена более сложной модели OSI.