# Hardware Security
Hardware security는 secure boot, trusted execution, protected key storage, 그리고 robust physical protections을 강제하여 장치와 데이터를 변조 및 유출로부터 보호합니다.
Hardware security는 장치 하드웨어와 데이터를 위협으로부터 방어하기 위한 다양한 기술과 관행을 포함합니다. 주요 영역은 다음과 같습니다:
1) Secure Boot: 하드웨어, 펌웨어, 소프트웨어까지 확장되는 root of trust를 설정하여 시스템이 신뢰할 수 있는 펌웨어만 부팅하도록 보장합니다.
2) Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs): 민감한 코드와 데이터를 격리하여 손상된 OS 또는 앱에 대한 노출을 줄입니다.
3) Hardware Security Modules (HSMs) 및 Secure Elements: 변조 방지 기능이 있는 key storage와 가속화된 cryptographic operations를 제공합니다.
4) Cryptographic Techniques: 강력한 key management, 하드웨어 기반 key storage, random bit generation, anti-tamper 조치, algorithm agility, 그리고 secure attestation.
5) Physical Security: tamper-evident seals, shielding, failure-safe encapsulations, 그리고 environmental protections.
6) Firmware 및 Supply Chain Security: secure boot chains, signed firmware, secure updates, 그리고 supply chain auditing.
7) Threat Modeling, Verification, 및 Compliance: formal risk assessments, 테스트 (FIPS 140-3, CC), 그리고 지속적인 governance.
8) Operational Practices: 엄격한 access control, 키의 rotation 및 destruction, incident response, 그리고 auditability.
graph LR
Center["# Hardware Security"]:::main
Rel_operating_system_security["operating-system-security"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_operating_system_security "/terms/operating-system-security"
Rel_iot_security["iot-security"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_iot_security "/terms/iot-security"
Rel_security_automation["security-automation"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_security_automation "/terms/security-automation"
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What is hardware security?
Hardware security is the practice of protecting devices and the data they process from threats through a combination of hardware-based protections and secure software practices.
What are Secure Boot and TEEs?
Secure Boot establishes a chain of trust during startup, while TEEs provide isolated environments for sensitive computations and data.
Why are physical protections necessary?
Physical protections prevent tampering, environmental damage, and unauthorized access to embedded keys and secrets.
How are keys protected in hardware?
Keys are stored in tamper-resistant storage such as HSMs/secure elements and are used through controlled cryptographic operations.