# Hardware Security
Hardware security защищает устройства и их данные от несанкционированного доступа и утечек путем обеспечения secure boot, trusted execution, protected key storage и robust physical protections.
Hardware security охватывает спектр технологий и практик для защиты аппаратного обеспечения устройства и его данных от угроз. Ключевые области включают:
1) Secure Boot: гарантирует, что система загружает только trusted firmware, устанавливая root of trust, который простирается от hardware, firmware и software.
2) Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs): изолируют sensitive code и данные, уменьшая их подверженность скомпрометированным OS или приложениям.
3) Hardware Security Modules (HSMs) и Secure Elements: обеспечивают tamper-resistant key storage и ускоренные криптографические операции.
4) Cryptographic Techniques: robust key management, hardware-based key storage, random bit generation, anti-tamper measures, algorithm agility и secure attestation.
5) Physical Security: tamper-evident seals, shielding, failure-safe encapsulations и environmental protections.
6) Firmware и Supply Chain Security: secure boot chains, signed firmware, secure updates и supply chain auditing.
7) Threat Modeling, Verification, и Compliance: формальные оценки рисков, тестирование (FIPS 140-3, CC) и постоянное управление.
8) Operational Practices: строгий контроль доступа, ротация и уничтожение ключей, реагирование на инциденты и auditability.
graph LR
Center["# Hardware Security"]:::main
Rel_operating_system_security["operating-system-security"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_operating_system_security "/terms/operating-system-security"
Rel_iot_security["iot-security"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_iot_security "/terms/iot-security"
Rel_security_automation["security-automation"]:::related -.-> Center
click Rel_security_automation "/terms/security-automation"
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❓ Частые вопросы
What is hardware security?
Hardware security is the practice of protecting devices and the data they process from threats through a combination of hardware-based protections and secure software practices.
What are Secure Boot and TEEs?
Secure Boot establishes a chain of trust during startup, while TEEs provide isolated environments for sensitive computations and data.
Why are physical protections necessary?
Physical protections prevent tampering, environmental damage, and unauthorized access to embedded keys and secrets.
How are keys protected in hardware?
Keys are stored in tamper-resistant storage such as HSMs/secure elements and are used through controlled cryptographic operations.